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Source code for mmpose.models.backbones.pvt

# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
import warnings

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from mmcv.cnn import Conv2d, build_activation_layer, build_norm_layer
from mmcv.cnn.bricks.drop import build_dropout
from mmcv.cnn.bricks.transformer import MultiheadAttention
from mmengine.model import BaseModule, ModuleList, Sequential
from mmengine.model.weight_init import trunc_normal_
from mmengine.runner import load_state_dict
from mmengine.utils import to_2tuple

from mmpose.registry import MODELS
from ...utils import get_root_logger
from ..utils import PatchEmbed, nchw_to_nlc, nlc_to_nchw, pvt_convert
from .utils import get_state_dict


class MixFFN(BaseModule):
    """An implementation of MixFFN of PVT.

    The differences between MixFFN & FFN:
        1. Use 1X1 Conv to replace Linear layer.
        2. Introduce 3X3 Depth-wise Conv to encode positional information.

    Args:
        embed_dims (int): The feature dimension. Same as
            `MultiheadAttention`.
        feedforward_channels (int): The hidden dimension of FFNs.
        act_cfg (dict, optional): The activation config for FFNs.
            Default: dict(type='GELU').
        ffn_drop (float, optional): Probability of an element to be
            zeroed in FFN. Default 0.0.
        dropout_layer (obj:`ConfigDict`): The dropout_layer used
            when adding the shortcut.
            Default: None.
        use_conv (bool): If True, add 3x3 DWConv between two Linear layers.
            Defaults: False.
        init_cfg (dict or list[dict], optional): Initialization config dict.
            Default: None
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 embed_dims,
                 feedforward_channels,
                 act_cfg=dict(type='GELU'),
                 ffn_drop=0.,
                 dropout_layer=None,
                 use_conv=False,
                 init_cfg=None):
        super(MixFFN, self).__init__(init_cfg=init_cfg)

        self.embed_dims = embed_dims
        self.feedforward_channels = feedforward_channels
        self.act_cfg = act_cfg
        activate = build_activation_layer(act_cfg)

        in_channels = embed_dims
        fc1 = Conv2d(
            in_channels=in_channels,
            out_channels=feedforward_channels,
            kernel_size=1,
            stride=1,
            bias=True)
        if use_conv:
            # 3x3 depth wise conv to provide positional encode information
            dw_conv = Conv2d(
                in_channels=feedforward_channels,
                out_channels=feedforward_channels,
                kernel_size=3,
                stride=1,
                padding=(3 - 1) // 2,
                bias=True,
                groups=feedforward_channels)
        fc2 = Conv2d(
            in_channels=feedforward_channels,
            out_channels=in_channels,
            kernel_size=1,
            stride=1,
            bias=True)
        drop = nn.Dropout(ffn_drop)
        layers = [fc1, activate, drop, fc2, drop]
        if use_conv:
            layers.insert(1, dw_conv)
        self.layers = Sequential(*layers)
        self.dropout_layer = build_dropout(
            dropout_layer) if dropout_layer else torch.nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x, hw_shape, identity=None):
        out = nlc_to_nchw(x, hw_shape)
        out = self.layers(out)
        out = nchw_to_nlc(out)
        if identity is None:
            identity = x
        return identity + self.dropout_layer(out)


class SpatialReductionAttention(MultiheadAttention):
    """An implementation of Spatial Reduction Attention of PVT.

    This module is modified from MultiheadAttention which is a module from
    mmcv.cnn.bricks.transformer.

    Args:
        embed_dims (int): The embedding dimension.
        num_heads (int): Parallel attention heads.
        attn_drop (float): A Dropout layer on attn_output_weights.
            Default: 0.0.
        proj_drop (float): A Dropout layer after `nn.MultiheadAttention`.
            Default: 0.0.
        dropout_layer (obj:`ConfigDict`): The dropout_layer used
            when adding the shortcut. Default: None.
        batch_first (bool): Key, Query and Value are shape of
            (batch, n, embed_dim)
            or (n, batch, embed_dim). Default: False.
        qkv_bias (bool): enable bias for qkv if True. Default: True.
        norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer.
            Default: dict(type='LN').
        sr_ratio (int): The ratio of spatial reduction of Spatial Reduction
            Attention of PVT. Default: 1.
        init_cfg (dict or list[dict], optional): Initialization config dict.
            Default: None
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 embed_dims,
                 num_heads,
                 attn_drop=0.,
                 proj_drop=0.,
                 dropout_layer=None,
                 batch_first=True,
                 qkv_bias=True,
                 norm_cfg=dict(type='LN'),
                 sr_ratio=1,
                 init_cfg=None):
        super().__init__(
            embed_dims,
            num_heads,
            attn_drop,
            proj_drop,
            batch_first=batch_first,
            dropout_layer=dropout_layer,
            bias=qkv_bias,
            init_cfg=init_cfg)

        self.sr_ratio = sr_ratio
        if sr_ratio > 1:
            self.sr = Conv2d(
                in_channels=embed_dims,
                out_channels=embed_dims,
                kernel_size=sr_ratio,
                stride=sr_ratio)
            # The ret[0] of build_norm_layer is norm name.
            self.norm = build_norm_layer(norm_cfg, embed_dims)[1]

        # handle the BC-breaking from https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmcv/pull/1418 # noqa
        from mmpose import digit_version, mmcv_version
        if mmcv_version < digit_version('1.3.17'):
            warnings.warn('The legacy version of forward function in'
                          'SpatialReductionAttention is deprecated in'
                          'mmcv>=1.3.17 and will no longer support in the'
                          'future. Please upgrade your mmcv.')
            self.forward = self.legacy_forward

    def forward(self, x, hw_shape, identity=None):

        x_q = x
        if self.sr_ratio > 1:
            x_kv = nlc_to_nchw(x, hw_shape)
            x_kv = self.sr(x_kv)
            x_kv = nchw_to_nlc(x_kv)
            x_kv = self.norm(x_kv)
        else:
            x_kv = x

        if identity is None:
            identity = x_q

        # Because the dataflow('key', 'query', 'value') of
        # ``torch.nn.MultiheadAttention`` is (num_query, batch,
        # embed_dims), We should adjust the shape of dataflow from
        # batch_first (batch, num_query, embed_dims) to num_query_first
        # (num_query ,batch, embed_dims), and recover ``attn_output``
        # from num_query_first to batch_first.
        if self.batch_first:
            x_q = x_q.transpose(0, 1)
            x_kv = x_kv.transpose(0, 1)

        out = self.attn(query=x_q, key=x_kv, value=x_kv)[0]

        if self.batch_first:
            out = out.transpose(0, 1)

        return identity + self.dropout_layer(self.proj_drop(out))

    def legacy_forward(self, x, hw_shape, identity=None):
        """multi head attention forward in mmcv version < 1.3.17."""
        x_q = x
        if self.sr_ratio > 1:
            x_kv = nlc_to_nchw(x, hw_shape)
            x_kv = self.sr(x_kv)
            x_kv = nchw_to_nlc(x_kv)
            x_kv = self.norm(x_kv)
        else:
            x_kv = x

        if identity is None:
            identity = x_q

        out = self.attn(query=x_q, key=x_kv, value=x_kv)[0]

        return identity + self.dropout_layer(self.proj_drop(out))


class PVTEncoderLayer(BaseModule):
    """Implements one encoder layer in PVT.

    Args:
        embed_dims (int): The feature dimension.
        num_heads (int): Parallel attention heads.
        feedforward_channels (int): The hidden dimension for FFNs.
        drop_rate (float): Probability of an element to be zeroed.
            after the feed forward layer. Default: 0.0.
        attn_drop_rate (float): The drop out rate for attention layer.
            Default: 0.0.
        drop_path_rate (float): stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.0.
        qkv_bias (bool): enable bias for qkv if True.
            Default: True.
        act_cfg (dict): The activation config for FFNs.
            Default: dict(type='GELU').
        norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer.
            Default: dict(type='LN').
        sr_ratio (int): The ratio of spatial reduction of Spatial Reduction
            Attention of PVT. Default: 1.
        use_conv_ffn (bool): If True, use Convolutional FFN to replace FFN.
            Default: False.
        init_cfg (dict or list[dict], optional): Initialization config dict.
            Default: None
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 embed_dims,
                 num_heads,
                 feedforward_channels,
                 drop_rate=0.,
                 attn_drop_rate=0.,
                 drop_path_rate=0.,
                 qkv_bias=True,
                 act_cfg=dict(type='GELU'),
                 norm_cfg=dict(type='LN'),
                 sr_ratio=1,
                 use_conv_ffn=False,
                 init_cfg=None):
        super(PVTEncoderLayer, self).__init__(init_cfg=init_cfg)

        # The ret[0] of build_norm_layer is norm name.
        self.norm1 = build_norm_layer(norm_cfg, embed_dims)[1]

        self.attn = SpatialReductionAttention(
            embed_dims=embed_dims,
            num_heads=num_heads,
            attn_drop=attn_drop_rate,
            proj_drop=drop_rate,
            dropout_layer=dict(type='DropPath', drop_prob=drop_path_rate),
            qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
            norm_cfg=norm_cfg,
            sr_ratio=sr_ratio)

        # The ret[0] of build_norm_layer is norm name.
        self.norm2 = build_norm_layer(norm_cfg, embed_dims)[1]

        self.ffn = MixFFN(
            embed_dims=embed_dims,
            feedforward_channels=feedforward_channels,
            ffn_drop=drop_rate,
            dropout_layer=dict(type='DropPath', drop_prob=drop_path_rate),
            use_conv=use_conv_ffn,
            act_cfg=act_cfg)

    def forward(self, x, hw_shape):
        x = self.attn(self.norm1(x), hw_shape, identity=x)
        x = self.ffn(self.norm2(x), hw_shape, identity=x)

        return x


class AbsolutePositionEmbedding(BaseModule):
    """An implementation of the absolute position embedding in PVT.

    Args:
        pos_shape (int): The shape of the absolute position embedding.
        pos_dim (int): The dimension of the absolute position embedding.
        drop_rate (float): Probability of an element to be zeroed.
            Default: 0.0.
        init_cfg (dict or list[dict], optional): Initialization config dict.
            Default: None.
    """

    def __init__(self, pos_shape, pos_dim, drop_rate=0., init_cfg=None):
        super().__init__(init_cfg=init_cfg)

        if isinstance(pos_shape, int):
            pos_shape = to_2tuple(pos_shape)
        elif isinstance(pos_shape, tuple):
            if len(pos_shape) == 1:
                pos_shape = to_2tuple(pos_shape[0])
            assert len(pos_shape) == 2, \
                f'The size of image should have length 1 or 2, ' \
                f'but got {len(pos_shape)}'
        self.pos_shape = pos_shape
        self.pos_dim = pos_dim

        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(
            torch.zeros(1, pos_shape[0] * pos_shape[1], pos_dim))
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate)

    def init_weights(self):
        trunc_normal_(self.pos_embed, std=0.02)

    def resize_pos_embed(self, pos_embed, input_shape, mode='bilinear'):
        """Resize pos_embed weights.

        Resize pos_embed using bilinear interpolate method.

        Args:
            pos_embed (torch.Tensor): Position embedding weights.
            input_shape (tuple): Tuple for (downsampled input image height,
                downsampled input image width).
            mode (str): Algorithm used for upsampling:
                ``'nearest'`` | ``'linear'`` | ``'bilinear'`` | ``'bicubic'`` |
                ``'trilinear'``. Default: ``'bilinear'``.

        Return:
            torch.Tensor: The resized pos_embed of shape [B, L_new, C].
        """
        assert pos_embed.ndim == 3, 'shape of pos_embed must be [B, L, C]'
        pos_h, pos_w = self.pos_shape
        pos_embed_weight = pos_embed[:, (-1 * pos_h * pos_w):]
        pos_embed_weight = pos_embed_weight.reshape(
            1, pos_h, pos_w, self.pos_dim).permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()
        pos_embed_weight = F.interpolate(
            pos_embed_weight, size=input_shape, mode=mode)
        pos_embed_weight = torch.flatten(pos_embed_weight,
                                         2).transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
        pos_embed = pos_embed_weight

        return pos_embed

    def forward(self, x, hw_shape, mode='bilinear'):
        pos_embed = self.resize_pos_embed(self.pos_embed, hw_shape, mode)
        return self.drop(x + pos_embed)


[docs]@MODELS.register_module() class PyramidVisionTransformer(BaseModule): """Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT) Implementation of `Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutions <https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.12122.pdf>`_. Args: pretrain_img_size (int | tuple[int]): The size of input image when pretrain. Defaults: 224. in_channels (int): Number of input channels. Default: 3. embed_dims (int): Embedding dimension. Default: 64. num_stags (int): The num of stages. Default: 4. num_layers (Sequence[int]): The layer number of each transformer encode layer. Default: [3, 4, 6, 3]. num_heads (Sequence[int]): The attention heads of each transformer encode layer. Default: [1, 2, 5, 8]. patch_sizes (Sequence[int]): The patch_size of each patch embedding. Default: [4, 2, 2, 2]. strides (Sequence[int]): The stride of each patch embedding. Default: [4, 2, 2, 2]. paddings (Sequence[int]): The padding of each patch embedding. Default: [0, 0, 0, 0]. sr_ratios (Sequence[int]): The spatial reduction rate of each transformer encode layer. Default: [8, 4, 2, 1]. out_indices (Sequence[int] | int): Output from which stages. Default: (0, 1, 2, 3). mlp_ratios (Sequence[int]): The ratio of the mlp hidden dim to the embedding dim of each transformer encode layer. Default: [8, 8, 4, 4]. qkv_bias (bool): Enable bias for qkv if True. Default: True. drop_rate (float): Probability of an element to be zeroed. Default 0.0. attn_drop_rate (float): The drop out rate for attention layer. Default 0.0. drop_path_rate (float): stochastic depth rate. Default 0.1. use_abs_pos_embed (bool): If True, add absolute position embedding to the patch embedding. Defaults: True. use_conv_ffn (bool): If True, use Convolutional FFN to replace FFN. Default: False. act_cfg (dict): The activation config for FFNs. Default: dict(type='GELU'). norm_cfg (dict): Config dict for normalization layer. Default: dict(type='LN'). pretrained (str, optional): model pretrained path. Default: None. convert_weights (bool): The flag indicates whether the pre-trained model is from the original repo. We may need to convert some keys to make it compatible. Default: True. init_cfg (dict or list[dict], optional): Initialization config dict. Default: ``[ dict(type='TruncNormal', std=.02, layer=['Linear']), dict(type='Constant', val=1, layer=['LayerNorm']), dict(type='Normal', std=0.01, layer=['Conv2d']) ]`` """ def __init__(self, pretrain_img_size=224, in_channels=3, embed_dims=64, num_stages=4, num_layers=[3, 4, 6, 3], num_heads=[1, 2, 5, 8], patch_sizes=[4, 2, 2, 2], strides=[4, 2, 2, 2], paddings=[0, 0, 0, 0], sr_ratios=[8, 4, 2, 1], out_indices=(0, 1, 2, 3), mlp_ratios=[8, 8, 4, 4], qkv_bias=True, drop_rate=0., attn_drop_rate=0., drop_path_rate=0.1, use_abs_pos_embed=True, norm_after_stage=False, use_conv_ffn=False, act_cfg=dict(type='GELU'), norm_cfg=dict(type='LN', eps=1e-6), convert_weights=True, init_cfg=[ dict(type='TruncNormal', std=.02, layer=['Linear']), dict(type='Constant', val=1, layer=['LayerNorm']), dict(type='Kaiming', layer=['Conv2d']) ]): super().__init__(init_cfg=init_cfg) self.convert_weights = convert_weights if isinstance(pretrain_img_size, int): pretrain_img_size = to_2tuple(pretrain_img_size) elif isinstance(pretrain_img_size, tuple): if len(pretrain_img_size) == 1: pretrain_img_size = to_2tuple(pretrain_img_size[0]) assert len(pretrain_img_size) == 2, \ f'The size of image should have length 1 or 2, ' \ f'but got {len(pretrain_img_size)}' self.embed_dims = embed_dims self.num_stages = num_stages self.num_layers = num_layers self.num_heads = num_heads self.patch_sizes = patch_sizes self.strides = strides self.sr_ratios = sr_ratios assert num_stages == len(num_layers) == len(num_heads) \ == len(patch_sizes) == len(strides) == len(sr_ratios) self.out_indices = out_indices assert max(out_indices) < self.num_stages # transformer encoder dpr = [ x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, sum(num_layers)) ] # stochastic num_layer decay rule cur = 0 self.layers = ModuleList() for i, num_layer in enumerate(num_layers): embed_dims_i = embed_dims * num_heads[i] patch_embed = PatchEmbed( in_channels=in_channels, embed_dims=embed_dims_i, kernel_size=patch_sizes[i], stride=strides[i], padding=paddings[i], bias=True, norm_cfg=norm_cfg) layers = ModuleList() if use_abs_pos_embed: pos_shape = pretrain_img_size // np.prod(patch_sizes[:i + 1]) pos_embed = AbsolutePositionEmbedding( pos_shape=pos_shape, pos_dim=embed_dims_i, drop_rate=drop_rate) layers.append(pos_embed) layers.extend([ PVTEncoderLayer( embed_dims=embed_dims_i, num_heads=num_heads[i], feedforward_channels=mlp_ratios[i] * embed_dims_i, drop_rate=drop_rate, attn_drop_rate=attn_drop_rate, drop_path_rate=dpr[cur + idx], qkv_bias=qkv_bias, act_cfg=act_cfg, norm_cfg=norm_cfg, sr_ratio=sr_ratios[i], use_conv_ffn=use_conv_ffn) for idx in range(num_layer) ]) in_channels = embed_dims_i # The ret[0] of build_norm_layer is norm name. if norm_after_stage: norm = build_norm_layer(norm_cfg, embed_dims_i)[1] else: norm = nn.Identity() self.layers.append(ModuleList([patch_embed, layers, norm])) cur += num_layer
[docs] def init_weights(self): """Initialize the weights in backbone.""" if (isinstance(self.init_cfg, dict) and self.init_cfg['type'] == 'Pretrained'): logger = get_root_logger() state_dict = get_state_dict( self.init_cfg['checkpoint'], map_location='cpu') logger.warn(f'Load pre-trained model for ' f'{self.__class__.__name__} from original repo') if self.convert_weights: # Because pvt backbones are not supported by mmcls, # so we need to convert pre-trained weights to match this # implementation. state_dict = pvt_convert(state_dict) load_state_dict(self, state_dict, strict=False, logger=logger) else: super(PyramidVisionTransformer, self).init_weights()
[docs] def forward(self, x): outs = [] for i, layer in enumerate(self.layers): x, hw_shape = layer[0](x) for block in layer[1]: x = block(x, hw_shape) x = layer[2](x) x = nlc_to_nchw(x, hw_shape) if i in self.out_indices: outs.append(x) return outs
[docs]@MODELS.register_module() class PyramidVisionTransformerV2(PyramidVisionTransformer): """Implementation of `PVTv2: Improved Baselines with Pyramid Vision Transformer <https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.13797.pdf>`_.""" def __init__(self, **kwargs): super(PyramidVisionTransformerV2, self).__init__( patch_sizes=[7, 3, 3, 3], paddings=[3, 1, 1, 1], use_abs_pos_embed=False, norm_after_stage=True, use_conv_ffn=True, **kwargs)
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